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Systems
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Linux
Linux
Essential Linux commands for files, text, processes, users, networking and packages.
Official reference ↗
Files & Directories
ls
cd
pwd
mkdir
rmdir
cp
mv
rm
touch
ln
find
plocate
tree
stat
file
du
df
basename
dirname
realpath
readlink
Viewing Files
cat
less
more
head
tail
wc
nl
tac
od
hexdump
xxd
Text Processing
grep
sed
gawk
sort
uniq
cut
paste
tr
diff
comm
join
xargs
tee
column
fmt
jq
Permissions & Users
chmod
chown
chgrp
umask
sudo
su
id
groups
whoami
passwd
useradd
usermod
userdel
groupadd
Processes
ps
top
htop
kill
killall
pkill
pgrep
nice
renice
nohup
jobs
bg
fg
watch
timeout
time
strace
lsof
System Info
uname
hostname
uptime
free
dmesg
lscpu
lsblk
lsusb
lspci
vmstat
date
cal
env
whereis
which
Disks & Services
mount
umount
fdisk
mkfs
fsck
systemctl
journalctl
crontab
shutdown
reboot
Networking
ip
ss
ping
traceroute
curl
wget
ssh
scp
rsync
dig
host
nc
netstat
iptables
nft
Archives
tar
gzip
gunzip
zip
unzip
bzip2
xz
zstd
Packages
apt
dpkg
dnf
rpm
pacman
snap
flatpak
Shell
Operators
cmd > file
cmd >> file
cmd 2>&1
cmd < file
cmd1 | cmd2
cmd1 && cmd2
cmd1 || cmd2
cmd &
$(cmd)
${var:-default}
!!
*.txt
Builtins
alias
export
source
history
type
set
read
echo
printf
test
exit
Keyboard Shortcuts
Ctrl+C
Ctrl+D
Ctrl+Z
Ctrl+R
Ctrl+A
Ctrl+E
Ctrl+U
Ctrl+K
Ctrl+W
Ctrl+L
Tab